Theory behind the muzzle rise in AK 47
Theory behind the muzzle rise in AK 47
Hi guys!
Thanks for tuning into another blog, I hope all of you
are fine, in this blog we saw about what factor behind the muzzle rise in AK 47
Let us see how the muzzle rise happens in sustained fire? The below image shows the center axis bore is misaligned with the buttstock also the buttstock is angled.
Before going into the topic, you must know the buttstock
of the AK 47 is not in line with the axis of the bore
Recoil force
transmission:
Recoil force
in AK
Ø When a bullet is fired, the expanding gases generate a
backward force on the rifle is known as recoil according to newtons third law
of motion.
Ø Generally, the recoil force is generated along the
bore axis (straight line along which the bullet travels).
Stock design:
Ø
In
AK 47 has a stock that is angled downward relative to the bore axis. This means
the stock is not in line with the bore axis but slopes downward towards the
shoulder.
Transmission
of force and angled stock:
Force
transmission:
Ø The recoil force travels along the path of least
resistance, which in this case is the structure of the rifle, from the bore
axis through the stock to the shooters shoulder.
Angled stock:
Ø Because the stock is angled downward relative to the
bore axis, the direction in which the force is transmitted changes. The force
is no longer purely horizontal but has to follow the angled path of the stock.
Or
Because the
buttstock is angled, the recoil force (which acts along the bore axis) does not
align perfectly with the direction in which the buttstock presses into the
shoulder.
Decomposition
of recoil force:
Force vector
components:
Ø The recoil force can be decomposed into two
components: horizontal and vertical due to the miss alignment of stock.
Ø The angle of the stock means that the force vector
(recoil) has a backward (horizontal) component and an upward (vertical)
component due to the geometry of the angle.
Note:
An
angle is a measure of
the rotation or the amount of turn between two intersecting lines, rays or
segments. It’s quantified in degrees, radians, or other units. An angle essentially
tells you how wide or narrow the turn is at the point where the lines
intersect.
Geometry
of an angle refers to
the study of the properties, relationships, and components of an angle,
including its vertex, sides and how it interacts with other geometric figures.
Mathematical
representation:
Ø If the stock were perfectly horizontal and in line
with the bore axis, the recoil force would be directed straight back or purely
horizontal.
Ø With the angled stock, the recoil force can be split
into two vectors.
·
A
horizontal vector that pushes the rifle backward.
·
A
vertical vector that pushers the rifle upward.
Ø If the angle between the bore axis and the buttstock
is (\ theta), the decomposition can be
mathematically represented as:
· (R- {\ parallel} = R\cos(\theta))
· (R-{\Perpendicular} = R\ sin(\theta))
Where:
· (R)
is the magnitude of the total recoil force.
· (R-
{\ parallel} is the magnitude of the force component parallel to the buttstock.
·
(R-{\Perpendicular}is
the magnitude of the force component perpendicular to the buttstock/
· (\
theta) is the angle between the bore axis and the buttstock.
Torque and
rotational effect:
Generation of
torque:
· The angled buttstock of the Ak 47 causes the recoil
force to be misaligned with the direction of the buttstock. This misalignment
means the recoil force is decomposed into two components.
· One that pushes straight back (parallel to the
buttstock) and one that pushes upward (perpendicular to the buttstock).
· The upward component creates a torque around the
center of mass of the fire arm, leading to muzzle rise.
Note: The process of decomposing a single force into two components based on an
angle is a fundamental principle of vector decomposition in physics.
Center of
mass:
·
The
center of the mass of the AK 47 is typically below the bore axis. For example:
In
horizontal the area of the magazine well act as a center of mass.
In vertical slightly above the trigger group but below the bore
axis.
·
When
the recoil force has a vertical component, it creates a rotational effect
because the force is applied above the center of mass, causing the muzzle to
lift.
Lever arm
effect:
·
The
distance between the bore axis (where the recoil force acts) and the point
where the buttstock contacts the shoulder forms a lever arm. The angled buttstock
increases this distance, magnifying the rotational effect and contributing to
greater muzzle rise.
Visualization
of forces:
Perfectly
aligned stock:
· If the stock were perfectly in line with the bore
axis, the recoil force would push straight back into the shooters, shoulder
with minimal rotational effect, resulting in less muzzle rise.
Angled stock:
· With the angled stock, the recoil force follows the
angled path of the stock, splitting into horizontal and vertical components.
· Here the splitting of the force is due to the angle theta.
· The vertical component lifts the muzzle, causing the
rifle to pivot around its center of mass and resulting in muzzle rise.
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